Uganda Protectorate and ColonisationDetails about The Uganda Protectorate and Colonisation of Uganda Kingdoms Uganda Protectorate under British rule brought more harm than good to Uganda people.Mwanga, who was restored to his throne with the assistance of the Christian (both Roman Catholic and Protestant) Ganda soon faced European imperialism. Carl Peters the German adventurer, made a treaty of protection with Mwanga in 1889, but this was revoked when the Anglo-German agreement of 1890 declared all the country north of latitude 1° S to be in the British sphere of influence. The Imperial British East Africa Company agreed to administer the region on behalf of the British government, and in 1890 Captain F.D. Lugard the company’s agent, signed another treaty with Mwanga, whose kingdom of Buganda was now placed under the company’s protection. Lugard also made treaties of protection with two other chiefs, the rulers of the western states of Ankole and Toro. However, when the company did not have the funds to continue its administrative position, the British government, for strategic reasons and partly through pressure from missionary sympathizers in Britain, declared Buganda its protectorate in 1894. Britain inherited a country that was divided into politico-religious factions, which had erupted into civil war in 1892. Buganda was also threatened by Kabarega the ruler of Bunyoro, but a military expedition in 1894 deprived him of his headquarters and made him a refugee for the rest of his career in Uganda. Two years later the protectorate included Bunyoro, Toro, Ankole, and Busoga, and treaties were also made with chiefs to the north of the Nile. Mwanga, who revolted against British overlordship in 1897, was overthrown again and replaced by his infant son. A mutiny in 1897 of the Sudanese troops used by the colonial government led Britain to take a more active interest in the Uganda Protectorate, and in 1899 Sir Harry Johnston was commissioned to visit the country and to make recommendations on its future administration. The main outcome of his mission was the Buganda Agreement of 1900, which formed the basis of British relations with Buganda for more than 50 years. Under its terms the kabaka was recognized as ruler of Buganda as long as he remained faithful to the protecting authority. His council of chiefs, the lukiko, was given statutory recognition. The leading chiefs benefited most from the agreement, since, in addition to acquiring greater authority, they were also granted land in freehold to ensure their support for the negotiations. Johnston made another agreement of a less-detailed nature with the ruler of Toro (1900), and subsequently a third agreement was made with the ruler of Ankole (1901). Meanwhile, British administration was being gradually extended north and east of the Nile. However, in these areas, where a centralized authority was unknown, no agreements were made, and British officers, frequently assisted by agents of Buganda, administered the country directly. By 1914 Uganda’s boundaries had been fixed, and British control had reached most areas.
History » The Uganda Protectorate • History » The Uganda Protectorate » Growth of a peasant economy History » The Uganda Protectorate » Political and administrative development • History » The Uganda Protectorate » World War II and its aftermath • History » The Republic of Uganda » Tyranny under Amin • History » The Republic of Uganda » Obote’s second presidency The First Obote Regime: The Growth of the Military Idi Amin and Military Rule and civil wars The Second Obote Regime: Repression Continues The Rise of the National Resistance Army Allied Democratic Forces National Army for the Liberation of Uganda (NALU)
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